P

pain, 190, 205–9, 241–42, 392 n16, 393 nn21–24

pain, emotional, 240–43, 250–51

painkillers, 217

Paintracking (Barrett), 190

Palestine-Israel conflict, 154–55

Panksepp, Jaak, 158, 276

pattern classification, 24, 393–94 n25

Patterson, Gordon, 221

Pavlov, Ivan, 271

Pavolvian conditioning, 271

perceiver, needed for emotions, 39–40, 132

perception

brain activity, 318

concepts, 85–86

construction of, 130

of emotion, and well-being, 194–97

emotion as, 270

of instance of emotion, 39–40

peripheral nervous system, 306

physical, relation to mental, 175–76, 199, 204–5

physical reality, relation to social reality, 177, 218

physiology, 14

Pinker, Steven, 158, 170, 289

plasticity, 34, 281

Plato, 168, 169

pleasure, 56, 373 n1

police shootings, 76

population thinking, 16, 23, 24, 89, 122, 159, 317

poverty, 288–89, 392 n11

prediction error, 62, 64, 65, 93, 108, 312, 395 n38

prediction loop, 62–64, 63, 68, 93

predictions, 59–66, 61, 73, 76–77, 82, 108–9, 130, 312, 382 n13

affect and, 78–79

by body-budgeting regions, 69

by children, 95–96, 113–14, 116–18

concepts and, 118, 313

correcting, 77–78

influencing, 197

initiating bodily movements, 60

of inner-body movements, 66–72

insufficient, and anxiety, 212–14

lack of, 215–16

learning emotion concepts and, 116–18

making meaning of sensations, 93

pain and, 205–6, 208

sensory input, 65

present, and experience of past, 122

primary interoceptive cortex, 68, 69

priming, 45, 372 n7

Prince, Phoebe, 242

Principles of Psychology (James), 160

proinflammatory cytokines, 178, 201–2, 205, 391 nn4–6

prototypes, 88–89, 90

pseudo-foods, 177, 217

psychological construction, 33–34, 35