Packet switching, 5–6, 5f, 6f

Padding, 156–159

• usage, 157f

PageRank, 934, 939–942

Pages

• download speed, improvement, 123

• output caching, 800

  • example, 801f

Page Views, 997

Paid links, 951

Pair programming, 822–823

Paragraph properties, 172–174

Parameters, 629–632

• default values, 630

• named parameter, 745

• passed by reference, 630, 631c

• passed by value, 630, 631c

• working with, 744–747

Pass by reference, 630, 632f

Pass by value, 630, 632f

Password

• brute force vulnerability, 853

• hash functions, 850, 851c

  • bcrypt, 854, 855c

  • md5, 850

  • sha, 850

• policies, 818

• rainbow tables, 851, 852f

• salting, 852–853, 853f

• staying logged in, 856, 857f

• storage

  • plain text, 849f

  • salting, 851c

Pathnames, 95, 96f

pattern attribute (HTML), usage, 206f

PDO, 714f, 733–748, 735c

• basic algorithm, 734f

• closing connection, 743

• connection, 734–737

• design, 751–753, 754c

• errors, 737, 737c

• exception modes, 737

  • setting, 738c

• fetching data, 740–743

• parameters, 744–745, 746c

• prepared statements, 745–747

• processing results, 739, 740f

• queries, 738–739

• transactions, 747, 748c

PEAR (PHP project), 651

Peer-to-peer, 17, 18f

Percents, calculation (complications), 169f

Performance (Speed), 1000–1002

Perl, 606

Permissions, 913

Persistent cookie, 787

• best practices, 789–792

Phishing scams, 823

Phone number validation script, without regular expressions, 467c

PHP, 2, 9, 18, 31, 606

• bcrypt usage in, 854–855c

• classes, 643–652

• codes

  • usage, 658c

• comments, 612

• concatenation, approaches, 616c

• constants, 614c

• custom image creation, 666f

• database-driven JSON API, creation, 750–751c

• data types, 613t

• error reporting

  • error_reporting setting, 619

  • log_errors setting, 619

• examination, 611–620

• example, 625f–626f

• hosting (local) web server, 607f

• HTML

  • alternation, 612

  • combination, 621c

• installation, 608–609

• objects, 643–652

• online development environment, 610, 610f

• open-source project, 651

• pages

  • usage, 202

• quote, usage, 616c

• redirect using the location header, 664f

• regular expressions, 463–472

• running from command line, 607, 608f

• scripting language, 69

• scripts

  • impact, 744

• session state in, 792–799

• simple crawler class in, 936c

• string literals, 614

• tags, 611–612, 612c

• uploading files, 785c

• using cookies, 787–788

• variable names, 615

• working with SQL, 733–754

php.ini configuration, 796c

phpMyAdmin, 716–718

• example, 717f

• installation, config.inc.php file (excerpt), 717c

<picture> element, 318, 319f

Pixels, 241

• device-independent, 256

• device pixels, 256

• in high-density displays, 257f

• physical size/spacing, 255

• reference pixel, 256

• vs. halftones, 241f

placeholder attribute (HTML), 224

• usage, 207

Platform as a Service (PaaS), 705, 905

Plotly.js, charting, 531–537

Plugins

• Facebook

  • newsfeed items, relationship, 961f

  • social plugins, 960–964

• Twitter widgets, 965–969

Pointer (PTR) record, 894

Polyfill, 109

Port, 58–59. See also Uniform Resource Locator

Portable Network Graphics (PNG)

• format, 264

• transparency, 265f

Port Address Translation (PAT), 46, 46f

Ports, 909

Positioning

• absolute positioning, 287–288

• context, creation, 288–289

• elements, 284–288

• relative positioning, 285

• values, example, 286t

position property (CSS), 285

PostgreSQL, 70, 712

POST request

• vs. GET request, 63f, 203f, 203t, 783f

Post Office Protocol (POP), 48

Posts, 973

Prepared statements, 745–747

Preprocessors (CSS), 332–339

Presentation-oriented markup, elimination, 83

Primary key, 721

Primitive types, 364, 364t

• vs. reference types, 365f

Principle of least privilege, 833

Print design, grid (usage), 178f

printf function, 618

Private registration, 889–890

• third-party usage, 890f

Programmers, 33–34

Programs, necessity of, 12, 13f

Progressive enhancement, 314

Progressive Web Applications (PWA), 528

Project manager/product manager, 35

Promises, 514–518, 515f

• creating, 516–517, 518c

• example, 517f

Prop-drilling, 572

Properties, 643

• in JavaScript, 380

• in object-oriented languages, 367

• static member (PHP), 649–651, 650f

• types (CSS), 126t–127t

• visibility (PHP), 648–649

Props, 557–561

• class components, 560c

• usage, 557f

• using map, 560c

Protocol, 43, 58. See also Uniform Resource Locator

• suite, 6

Prototypes, 487–490

• built-in object using, 490c

• defined, 487

• extending a built-in object, 490c

• property, 490f

• usage, 489c

Pseudo-class selector, 136–139

• types, 138t

• usage, 138f

Pseudo-element selector, 136–138

• types, 138t

Public key cryptography, 838

Public redirection, 918–920

pull command (git), 233

Punycode, 52

Pure functions, 558, 594

Push-based web applications, 674

• examples of, 675, 975f

Python, 71, 606