<label> element, 217
Labels, input elements (association), 218f
Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), 66–67
Last-Modified, 62
Latency, 22
Layered architecture, 43
Layout
columns, 284f
creation, <div> elements (usage), 94f
CSS, usage, 195
flex and grid, comparison, 292f
flexbox, 292–297
card layout implementation, 297f
usage, 293f
use cases, 294
grid, 298–309
older approaches to CSS, 283–291
responsive design, 310–321
tables, usage, 194–195
left property (CSS), 327
Legal policies, 818
Lempel-Ziv-Welch (LZW) compression, 259
Lexical scope, 408
Libraries, 358
Lighthouse
project, 1000
tool, 1003f
Lightness, 247
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP), 18
Like button, 962
insertion, HTML5 markup (usage), 962c
LIKE operator (SQL), 468
Link farms, 953
Link layer, 43–44
Link pyramids, 953–954
Links, 92, 959
components, 92f
creation, anchor element (usage), 92
destinations, 93f
styling, pseudo-class selectors (usage), 138c
Linter, 471
Linux
Apache, MySQL, PHP (LAMP)
configuration, 905–913
connection management, 908–910
operating system, 69
shell script, 911–912
web development stack, benefits, 608
and web server configuration
configuration changes, applying, 908
Lists, 99–101
elements, default rendering, 100f
select lists, 207–208
Literals, 463
Load balancers, 19
Local development, 608–609
Local DNS server
address knowledge, 57
request, 55–56
Local Internet provider, Internet hardware, 25f
Local provider
computer, relationship, 25–26
ocean’s edge, relationship, 26–28
Local repository, 231
Local scope, 403, 405–406
variables defined in, 403
localStorage, 524
Local transactions, 729–730
log_errors setting, 619
Logging, 821
Log rotation, 926
Loops
JavaScript, 372–374
PHP, 622–623
Loosely typed variables, 613
Lossless compression, 259, 264
Lossy compression scheme, 258