JAM stack, 69, 706

Java applets, 352

JavaScript, 3, 31, 74, 357f, 546

• array functions, 481–485

  • three approaches for iterating, 481c

• asynchronous coding, 499–521

• client-side scripting, 350–351

• closures in, 408–411

• coding, 354f, 355f

• comparator operations, 369t

• conditionals, 369–372

• in contemporary software development, 354–356, 355f

• data types, 364–366

• definition, 349–356

• dependencies, 577

• DOM (see Document Object Model (DOM))

• embedded, 356–358

• event handling, 437f

  • with NodeList arrays, 438f

• events, 436–448

  • types, 448–452

• exceptions, throwing, 374

• external, 358

  • files, 87, 92

• forms, 456–463

• frame events, 451t

• frameworks, 356

• front-end frameworks, 546–548, 549f

• functions, 388–402, 627–634

• Google AdSense, advertisement, 993

• history, 352–353

• hoisting in, 392, 393f

• identifier, 361

• inline, 356

• JavaScript-based autocomplete solutions, variety, 207

• lint tools, 371

• loops, 372–374

• media events, 451t

• modules in, 497f

• name conflicts, 494f

• Object Notation (JSON), 353, 385–386, 386f

  • returning data, 665

• objects, 380–386

  • orientation, 349

• output methods, 362–364, 362t

• performance evaluation in Chrome browser, 471f

• programming/parsing, 80

• progression, 356–359

• properties in, 380

• prototypes, classes, and modules, 485–497

• scope in, 403–408

• symbols, 361

• tools, 470–472

• truthy and falsy values, 371–372

• usage, 200

• users without, 359

• validation, 228

• variables in, 359–361

  • declaration and assignment, 359–360, 360f

  • dynamically typed, 359

  • let vs. const, 366

  • undefined, 359

  • var, let, and const, difference between, 361t

  • Web 2.0 and, 353–354

• with indexes and values illustrated, array, 377f

Java Server Pages (JSP), 605

Jobs, in web development, 31–38

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), 258–259

• artifacts, 259f

• artwork, relationship, 259f

• file format, 258f

jQuery

• overview, 549

• use cases, 549

• why no longer popular, 550

JSON. See JavaScript, Object Notation

json_encode() function, 665

JSX syntax (React), 552–553

Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, usage, 605

JWT (JSON Web Token), 830, 831f