1In this section, we use the term “cognitive-behavioral therapy” to refer to various protocols that have been developed by writers such as Beck (Beck, Rush, Shaw, & Emery, 1979) and Barlow (Craske, Barlow, & Meadows, 2000) to treat Axis I disorders.
Some cognitive-behavioral therapists have adapted these protocols to work with difficult patients in ways that are consistent with schema therapy (c.f. Beck, Freeman, & Associates, 1990). We discuss some of these modifications later in this chapter (see pp. 48–53). For the most part, however, current treatment protocols within cognitive-behavioral therapy do not reflect these adaptations.
2Our list of needs is derived from both the theories of others and our own clinical observation and has not been tested empirically. Ultimately, we hope to conduct research on this subject. We are open to revision based on research and have revised the list over time. The list of domains (see Figure 1.1 on pp. 14–17) is also open to modification based on empirical findings and clinical experience.
3In contrast to some cognitive scientists, we define the term “cognition” in this section as conscious thoughts or images, not as “implicit” cognitions or simple sensory perceptions.