RA. See router agent
radio access network
Radio Network Controller (RNC), 556, 558
RADIUS, 537, 649–650
Rand Institute, 60
random access protocols, 453, 455–464, 478, 537
random backoff, 539
Random Early Detection (RED), 324
rarest first, 146
rate adaptation, 547–548
RC4 stream cipher, 647
RCP. See Routing Control Platform
realm with private addresses, 345
real-time conversational applications. See also Voice-over-IP
protocols for, 700–708
RTP, 700–703
SIP, 703–708, 737
real-time measurements, 153
Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), 683
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), 683, 700–702
audio and video payload types, 703
packet header fields, 702
reassembly
IPv4 datagram, 333–334
IPv6 datagram, 351
receive buffer, 253, 254
receiver
in CRC operation, 449
in parity bit operation, 446–448
receiver authentication, 627
receiver feedback, 210
receive window, 236, 253, 254
recursive queries, 133
RED. See Random Early Detection
reduced-function devices, 550
regional ISP, 32–33
registrar, 138, 406
registration
with home agent, 572–574
in mobile IP, 574
registries, 341
relay peers, 698–699
relays, Skype, 698–699
reliable data transfer, 91, 192, 231–232
over channel with bit errors, 209–214
over lossy channel with bit errors, 214–217
over perfectly reliable channel, 208–209
principles of, 206–232
service implementation for, 207, 208
service model for, 206, 207
TCP, 244–351
reliable data transfer protocol, 206
building, 208–217
pipelined, 217, 219–221
reliable data transfer service, 244
reliable delivery service, link-layer, 442
repeater, 479
request line, 104
request messages, HTTP, 103–105
requests for comments (RFCs), 5
as protocol standards, 158
Request to Send (RTS), 540–542
resource records (RRs), 135–136, 504
resource reservation, 725
response messages, HTTP, 105–108
response time, cloud service performance, 275
retransmission, 210
congestion and, 264–265
CSMA/CA and, 539
CSMA/CD and, 539
duplicate packets from, 212
fast, 249–251
in random access protocols, 455
sequence numbers for handling, 212–213
in slotted ALOHA, 456
TCP timeout interval for, 242–243
TCP timer management for, 244–245
time-based, 216–217
Rexford, Jennifer, 436–438
RFC 2616, 158
RFCs. See requests for comments
RIP, 379, 386, 504
Rivest, Ron, 605, 612
RNC. See Radio Network Controller
roaming number, 576
Roberts, Lawrence, 60, 516
robustness, LS and DV algorithms, 391
root DNS servers, 131, 134
round-robin queuing, 325, 328–329
round-trip time (RTT), 102
buffer sizing and, 325
TCP estimation for, 241–243
TCP variable tracking, 269–270
route, 4
BGP, 399
BGP selection algorithm for, 401–402
route aggregation, 339
route information, advertising in BGP, 396–398
router agent (RA), 374
router discovery, 571
routers, 4, 23, 354
architecture of, 313
border, 394–395, 495
buffer sizing, 325
components of, 313–316
congestion and, 262–267
data plane, 313–329
destination-based forwarding, 315, 316–319
edge, 314
forwarding plane, 314–315
forwarding tables, 308, 309
gateway, 396
input port processing, 316–319
internal, 396
label-switched, 493
NAT-enabled, 345–347
output port processing, 321
per-router control, 374, 375
queuing in, 321–325
self-synchronization, 383
switches versus, 485–487
switching fabric, 319–321
route summarization, 339
routing, 308, 309
calls to mobile users, 576–577
direct, to mobile nodes, 568–569
hot potato, 400–401
indirect, in mobile IP, 571
indirect, to mobile nodes, 565–568
inter-area, 394–395
intra-ASs, 391–395, 405, 416
intra-domain, 503–504
intruder interference with, 596
among ISPs, 395–407
link weights in, 393
logically centralized, 310
to mobile nodes, 564–569
multicast, 394, 589
routing algorithms, 308, 309, 376–391
ARPAnet, 379, 386
centralized, 378–380
convergence speed, 391
decentralized, 378–379
distance-vector, 384–391
dynamic, 379
in interconnection networks, 499
link-state, 379–383
load sensitivity, 379
static, 379
routing controllers
logically centralized, 310
SDN and, 311
Routing Control Platform (RCP), 436
routing loop, 389
routing policy, BGP, 403–406
routing processor, 314
routing protocols, 25–26
routing tables, 386
RRs. See resource records
RSA algorithm, 605–610, 630
RST bit, 236
RSVP protocol, 725
RTP. See Real-Time Transport Protocol
RTP header, 701
RTP packet, 701
RTP session, 701
RTS. See Request to Send
RTSP. See Real-Time Streaming Protocol
RTT. See round-trip time
rwnd, 269–270