O

object, 98

OC. See Optical Carrier standard

odd parity schemes, 446

OFA. See Open Flow Agent

OFC. See Open Flow Controller

OFDM. See orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

offered load, 264

OLT. See optical line terminator

one-bit parity, 446–447

ONIX SDN controller, 413

ONOS, 412, 416, 418–419

ONT. See optical network terminator

OpenDaylight, 412, 416–417

OpenDaylight Lithium, 416

OpenFlow, 410, 412–413, 414–415

• action, 358

• flow table, 356

• match, 356–358

• match-plus-action, 358–361

Open Flow Agent (OFA), 413

Open Flow Controller (OFC), 413

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), 374, 379, 392–395, 504

• authentication in, 394

• broadcast in, 393–394

• Dijkstra's algorithm, 392

• link weights, 393

• multicast, 394

• security and, 394

• subnets, 392

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), 52

operational security, 595, 651–662

• firewalls, 651–659

• IDSs, 348, 595, 659–662

opportunistic scheduling, 560

Optical Carrier standard (OC), 20

optical line terminator (OLT), 16

optical network terminator (ONT), 15

optimistically choked peers, 146

options field, 236

orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), 559

OSI. See Open Systems Interconnection

OSI reference model, 50, 52–53

OSPF. See Open Shortest Path First

out-of-order packets, 225

output buffer, 24

output port, 314

• forwarding to, 318

output port processing, 321

output queue, 24

output queueing, 323–324

outside-AS destinations, 400

OVSDB, 417