Facebook, 676
fading, 528
failover paths, 494
fairness
of AIMD, 279–282
parallel TCP connections and, 282
TCP and, 279–282
UDP and, 281–282
fast recovery, 274–276
fast retransmit, 249–251
FCFS. See first-come-first-served
FDDI. See fiber distributed data interface
FDM. See frequency-division multiplexing
FDMA, 553
feature phones, 590
FEC. See forward error correction
Feynman, Richard, 304
FHSS. See frequency-hopping spread spectrum
fiber distributed data interface (FDDI), 465, 475
fiber optics, 64
in cable systems, 14–15
physical media, 20
fiber to the home (FTTH), 15–16, 64
FIFO. See first-in-first-out
file distribution
client-server, 141–144
P2P, 140–147
filtering, 481
FIN bit, 237
finite-state machine (FSM)
for data transfer over channel with bit errors, 210–216
for data transfer over lossy channel with bit errors, 216–217
for data transfer over perfectly reliable channel, 208, 209
extended, 224
for GBN protocol, 222–224
TCP congestion control, 273, 274
firewalls, 348, 354, 595, 651–659
application gateways, 656–657, 659
stateful filters, 652, 654–656
traditional packet filters, 652–654
first-come-first-served (FCFS), 325
first-in-first-out (FIFO), 325–326
fixed playout delay, 691–692
flag days, 352
flag field, 236
flow, 349
flow-based forwarding, 407–408
flow control, TCP, 252–254
flow-control service, 252
flow table, 356
match-plus-action, 415
SDN, 410
wildcards in, 357
Floyd, Sally, 437–438
foreign address, 564
foreign agent, 562
anchor, 569
discovery, 570, 571–572
foreign network, 562–564
forward error correction (FEC), 448, 689
packet loss recovery with, 694–695
in Skype, 697
forwarding, 306, 309, 312
to broadcast, 358
destination-based, 315, 316–319
flow-based, 407–408
generalized, 315, 354–361
link-layer switches, 481–482
longest prefix matching rule, 317, 339
MPLS-enhanced, 493
OpenFlow, 358
packets, 308
SDN, 407–408
forwarding plane, 314–315
forwarding tables, 25–26, 308, 309
in input processing, 317–318
IP, 502
line cards, 317
in LS algorithm, 381–382
match-plus-action, 356
prefixes, 317
routers, 308, 309
in SDN, 314, 316
4G, 520, 552
core network, 557–559
data plane, 558
network architecture, 557–560
QoS in, 558
radio access network, 559–560
tunneling in, 558
wireless LANs versus, 552
4G LTE, 552, 553
fragment, 333
fragmentation
IPv4 datagram, 332–335
IPv6 datagram, 351
frame control fields, 545
frame relay, 492
frames, 52
ACK, 541–542
acknowledgement, 539
beacon, 535, 536, 548
collisions between, 453
control, 540–542
CTS, 540–542
DATA, 540–542
802.11, 542–545
802.11 transmission, 538
Ethernet, 501
Ethernet structure for, 476–478, 479
link-layer, 54, 440
MPLS, 492–493
probe, 536
RTS, 540–542
time, 454
VLAN, 490
framing, 442
frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), 28–29, 453, 554
channel partitioning, 457
collision avoidance, 455
in DOCSIS, 465
orthogonal, 559
frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), 549
FSM. See finite-state machine
FTP protocol, 50
FTTH. See fiber to the home
full-duplex service, 233
fully connected topology, 498