DARPA. See Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
DARTnet, 736
DASH. See Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP
data center network design, 495
data center networks, 495–500
hierarchical architecture, 497–498
load balancing, 496–497
trends in, 498–500
data centers, 11, 86
CDNs, 150
Google, 151
hosts, 495
modular, 498–499
Data Center TCP (DCTCP), 283, 285
DATA frames, 540–542
Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), 285–286
datagrams, 51, 191
indirect routing of, 571
inspecting, 348
IP, 501
IPsec, 641–644
IPv4 format, 330–332
IPv4 fragmentation, 332–335
IPv6 format, 349–351
NAT and, 346–347
network-layer, 54
reassembly of, 333–334, 351
subnet dispatch of, 473–474
Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS), 465–467
binary exponential backoff in, 463
data plane, 305, 361
4G, 558
generalized forwarding and SDN, 354–361
IP, 329–354
routers, 313–329
SDN and, 408, 414–415
data received events, 245, 246
Davies, Donald, 60
DCCP. See Datagram Congestion Control Protocol
DCTCP. See Data Center TCP
DDoS. See distributed DoS
decentralized routing algorithm, 378–379
DECnet, 470
decryption algorithm, 597
deep packet inspection (DPI), 348, 354, 659
Deering, Steve, 589
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), 61, 62, 371
delays
adaptive playout, 692–694
application, 43
bounded, 311
channel propagation, 461
in end systems, 43
end-to-end, 41–43, 689, 690
fixed playout, 691–692
network congestion and, 263
nodal, 36
nodal processing, 35
in packet-switched networks, 35–46
playout, 691–692, 692–694
processing, 36
propagation, 35, 37–39
queuing, 24–25, 35, 36, 39–41, 263
in shared medium, 43
total nodal, 35
transmission, 35, 36–39
types of, 35–39
delay-sensitive applications, 680
demilitarized zone (DMZ), 661
demultiplexing, 193–200, 502
connectionless, 195–196
connection-oriented, 196–199
transport-layer, 192
denial-of-service (DoS) attacks, 56–57
distributed, 57, 58, 139
SYN floods for, 260
DES (Data Encryption Standard), 602, 630
destination-based forwarding, 315, 316–319
destination port number, 236
destination port number field, 194
DHCP. See Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DHCP ACK message, 344–345, 502
DHCP discover message, 343
DHCP offer message, 343–344
DHCP request message, 344, 501
dial-up Internet access, 16, 491
DIAMETER, 537, 650
DIC, 277
differentiated service, 709
Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange, 604
Diffserv, 719–723
DIFS. See Distributed Inter-frame Space
Digital Attack Map, 56
digital signatures, 610, 614–620
digital subscriber line (DSL), 13–14, 64
digital subscriber line access multiplexer (DSLAM), 13–14
Dijkstra's algorithm, 379, 386
directional antennas, 542
direct routing, 568–569
Direct Sequence Wideband CDMA (DS-WCDMA), 556
distance-vector algorithm (DV algorithm), 384–391
decentralization, 386
link-cost changes and link failure, 388–390
LS compared with, 390–391
message complexity, 390–391
poisoned reverse, 390
robustness, 391
speed of convergence, 391
distributed applications, 5
distributed DoS (DDoS), 57
DNS servers targeted by, 139
Distributed Inter-frame Space (DIFS), 539
distribution time, 141–144
DMZ. See demilitarized zone
DNS. See domain name system
DNS caching, 134–135
DNS query message, 503
DNS reply message, 504
DNS servers, 127
authoritative, 132, 504
BIND, 127
DDoS attacks targeting, 139
interactions of, 133
local, 132
root, 131, 134
TLD, 130, 131
DOCSIS. See Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications
DOCSIS 2.0, 15
domain names, 406
domain name system (DNS), 50, 126–140, 503
CDNs and, 151–152
distributed, hierarchical database, 130–134
inserting records, 138, 140
Internet presence and, 406–407
intra-domain routing to, 503–504
intruder interference with, 596
IP-anycast in, 402
iterative queries, 133
messages, 136–138, 503–504
operation of, 129–135
query chain, 133–134
records, 135–136, 138, 140
recursive queries, 133–134
resource records, 135–136, 504
services provided by, 127–129
UDP usage by, 201
vulnerabilities, 139
DoS. See denial-of-service attacks
dotted-decimal notation, 335, 470–471
DPI. See deep packet inspection
dropping
OpenFlow, 358
packets, strategies for, 324
drop-tail, 324
DSL. See digital subscriber line
DSLAM. See digital subscriber line access multiplexer
duplicate ACKs, 214, 249
duplicate data packets, 216
duplicate packets, 212
DV algorithm. See distance-vector algorithm
Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH), 148–149, 155, 688
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 342–344
address obtainment with, 342–345
messages, 343–344, 501–502
mobile nodes and, 344
NAT and, 345
requests, 501–502
dynamic routing algorithms, 379
DYSWIS, 736