Long description

The figure consists of six layers which are given as follows: Layer 1: System library kernel user mode dispatch routines (ntdll.dll). Layer 2: N T O S kernel layer, which is divided into two blocks and are given as follows trap slash exception slash interrupt dispatch and C P U scheduling and synchronization: threads, ISRs, DPCs, APCs. Layer 3 is divided into two blocks, first block is labeled Drivers, file systems, volume manager, TCP slash IP stack, net interfaces graphics devices, and all other devices. The second block is divided into four layers, first layer is subdivided into four blocks which are given as follows procs and threads, virtual memory, object manager, and config manager. The second layer is subdivided into four blocks which are labeled as follows L P C, cache manager, I bar O manager, and security monitor. The third layer is labeled executive runtime library and the fourth layer is labeled N T O S executive layer. Layer 4: Hardware abstraction layer. Layer 5: Hypervisor. Layer 6: C P U, M M U, interrupt controller, memory, physical devices, BIOS.