The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your e-book reader’s search tools.
Page numbers in italics refer to figures.
Abar, Caitlin, 138–39
abstracting, 279
abuse, 179–80
accountability, 255–56, 256
aches, 185
acne, 98
acting out, 178
action potential, 49, 50
Adderall, 99, 165
addiction, 54, 97, 108, 114, 162–63, 166–67
brain plasticity and, 117, 117, 120
dopamine and, 108–9, 109, 166, 167
as easier in teen years, 117
learning vs., 117, 117
to marijuana, 144, 150, 155, 165
stress and, 173
see also computer addiction; drugs
Adolescence: Its Psychology and Its Relations to Physiology, Anthropology, Sociology, Sex, Crime, Religion, and Education (Hall), 17
Adolescent Mental Health Cohort, 203
adolescents, see teenagers; teen brain
adrenal glands, 54, 172
adrenaline, 46, 172
adult plasticity, 70–71
Afghanistan War, 178
aggression, 21, 177, 183, 218
aggressiveness, 98
agoraphobia, 189
alcohol, alcohol abuse, 4, 19, 54, 55, 60–64, 98, 99, 103, 116, 125–40, 158, 254, 268, 286, 287
brain affected by, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–37
deaths from, 126–27
family history of, 138
hallucinations and, 199
Internet addiction and, 215
memory affected by, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–36
mental health problems and, 130, 185, 188
parenting and, 138–39
smoking and, 122
stress and, 177, 180
alcohol withdrawal, 137–38
Allstate Insurance, 41
ambivalence, 281
American Academy of Pediatrics, 137–38, 241
American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 275
American Life Project, 113
American Medical Association, 144, 242
American Psychiatric Association, 178, 206
American Psychological Association, 180–81, 206
American Revolution, 16
AmeriCorps, 280
amphetamines, 161–62, 164
amygdala, 20–21, 46, 60
anxiety and, 202
emotions and, 46, 171, 232
endocannabinoid receptors in, 148
gender differences in, 232
stress and, 176, 177, 179
stress hormones released by, 172
THC and, 148–49
analgesia, 147
anandamide, 146
anger, 46, 81, 171, 172, 173, 177
angry faces, 179
Annals of General Psychiatry, 217
Ann Arbor, Mich., 91–92
anorexia, 189–90
Anslinger, Harry, 144
anterior insulae, 179
antidepressants, 191–92
antihistamines, 54
anxiety, 22, 167, 173, 178, 186, 189, 200–201, 250
amygdala and, 202
marijuana and, 142, 145, 157
multitasking and, 219
worries and, 201–2
arborization, 51, 58
Are You My Mother? (Eastman), 71
Aristotle, 105
Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen, 282
Association for Retarded Citizens (ARC), 66–67, 68
asthma, 118, 185
astrocytes, 50
AT&T, 236
Ativan, 166
attention, 41–44, 43, 80, 286–87
marijuana and, 142
attention deficit, 130, 136
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 99, 115, 226, 254
Internet addiction and, 217
medication for, 164–65
white matter and, 286
auditory cortex, 36
autobiographical memories, 146
Avery, Leslie, 160
axonal bouton, 50
axons, 51
anatomy of, 49
glutamate and, 75
inhibitory, 52
insulation of, 55–56
LTP and, 76
baby brain:
lack of insulation of, 56
synapses created in, 51
back pain, 217
balance, 71
Barber, Bennett, 63–64
barbiturates, 54
basal ganglia, 44
endocannabinoids and, 148
Baumeister, Roy, 284
Belchertown State School, 67–68
Benson, Peter, 160
benzopyrene, 156
binge drinking, 128
bipolar disorder, 184, 186, 191, 192–93
blackouts, 134–35
Blackstone, William, 260–61
bladder, 44
blood pressure, 44, 98
blurry vision, 246
bongs, 156
Boston College, 93
Boston Globe, 111–12
Boston Marathon, 180
bowel movements, 44
Bradford, William, 260
brain:
appearance of, 27–28
body’s mapping in, 31–32, 32
connectivity in, 37
hemispheres of, 28
lobes of, 34–35, 35, 36
puzzle of, 26
size of, 28–30, 69
structure of, 28–31, 29, 34–35
weight of, 28–29
see also teen brain; specific brain parts
brain cells:
lack of space between, 47
studying changes in, 47–48
brain damage, 244–46
brain growth, 3
through midtwenties, 7
brain plasticity, 18, 32–33, 68–71, 83
addiction and, 117, 117, 120
in early childhood, 71
IQ and, 79–80
learning and, 71
in old age, 84–85
and rehabilitation of juvenile offenders, 272
stress and, 180
of synapses, 69, 78–79, 79, 84, 108, 114, 117, 117, 120
see also imprinting
brain size, 228–29
brainstem, 35, 44, 51
breaking and entering, 97
breakups, 176
breathing, 44
Bridewell Prison, 259
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 212
Brown University, 91
bullying, 180
cyber, 221–24
Bush, George H. W., 25
caffeine, 96, 99
calcium, 75, 248
California, 144
California, University of, at San Francisco, 188
Canadian Paediatric Society, 249
cancer, 115, 118
marijuana and, 156
cannabis, 145
carbon monoxide, 156
cardiovascular disease, 96
Carney, Colleen, 96
carpal tunnel syndrome, 217
car rentals, 19
Casey, BJ, 176
Catcher in the Rye, The (Salinger), 18
cats, 31
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 89, 97–98, 112, 193
central nervous system, 137
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 154
cerebellum, 27, 35, 36, 129
endocannabinoids and, 148
THC and, 146
Channing, Henry, 261–62
chat rooms, 205
chicks, 71–72
child employment, 16
children, considered mini-adults, 16
Children’s Detention Home, 265–66
child study movement, 6
chimpanzees, 36
China, 209, 213, 214–15
chlamydia, 113
Choate Rosemary Hall, 196
chronic sleep deprivation syndrome, 89
chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), 249
chronotypes, 87–89, 88
Church of Rome, 260
cigarettes, 19, 98, 116, 158, 254, 287
sleep deprivation and, 115
toxic chemicals in, 118
see also tobacco
cigars, 118
Cincinnati Children’s Environmental Health Center, 119
cingulate cortex, 107
circadian rhythm, 100–101
Cisco, 225
City Year, 280
Clement XI, Pope, 260
Clementi, Tyler, 221–24
Clifford Chance, 257, 273–74
Close, Calen, 196–98
Close, Glenn, 25, 195–96
Close, Jessie, 196–97
cocaine, 162, 212
adolescent processing of, 163–64, 163
Internet addiction and, 215
codeine, 146
Code of Hammurabi, 259
cognition, endocannabinoids and, 147–48
colic, 118
college applications, 233–34
Colorado, 141
Colorado, University of, 80
Coming of Age in America: The Transition to Adulthood in the Twenty-First Century, 287
Commentaries on the Laws of England (Blackstone), 260–61
communication, 181
computer addiction, 205–25
isolation and, 206
by region, 208–10
concentration, marijuana and, 142
conception, 199
Concerta, 165
Concord Academy, 94, 226
concussions, 238–53
of girls vs. boys, 242–43
myths of, 242
physical side effects of, 246
second-impact syndrome and, 248–49
white matter in, 246
working memory and, 249–50
conduct disorder (CD), 186, 188–89, 190
Congress, US, 144
Constitution, US, 266, 268
contracts, 19
conversations, 290
Cook County, Ill., 263–64
Corbeil, Don, 152, 154
Cornell University, 176, 271
corpus callosum, 136–37
marijuana and, 153
size of, 229, 230–31
cortical map, 31–32, 32
cortex, 28, 31, 44, 48
marijuana and, 152, 155
cortisol, 172–74, 200, 218
cotinine, 119
countercultures, 281
Courage to Speak, 165
court testimony, 19
Cox-Brown, Jacob, 219–20
Crabb, Stuart, 224
crack cocaine, 254
cranial bones, 30
CRC Health Group, 216
creativity, 98
crime, 97, 254–77, 286
accountability and, 255–56, 256
criticism, 290
Crook, Shirley, 268
cutting, 104
cyberbullying, 221–24
Dan (college student), 38–39, 82
Dartmouth, 106–7
Geisel School of Medicine at, 127
Day, Lance M., 255–56
Dean, James, 18
death, 178, 179, 281
dendrites, 50
anatomy of, 49
glutamate and, 75
plasticity of, 69
depression, 96, 178, 184, 185, 186, 191, 192, 193, 198, 291
alcohol and, 130
concussions and, 250
Ecstasy and, 162
Internet use and, 207
marijuana and, 142, 145, 155
multitasking and, 219
nicotine and, 121–22
detox, 109
Devane, William, 146
development, 281
diabetes, 185
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 206–7
dietary supplements, 99
diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), 229
DiFranza, Joseph, 120
divorce, 176, 179, 286
dizziness, 246
dogs, 31, 36
dolphins, 36
dopamine, 54, 106
addiction and, 108–9, 109, 166, 167
in adults, 84
alcohol and, 137
anticipation and, 108
Internet and, 211
painkillers and, 166
Dorsey, Tommy, 25
dorsolateral striatum, cocaine and, 163
Down syndrome, 67
driving, 18
driving under the influence, 103
Drizin, Steven, 269
Drug Enforcement Agency, 160
drugs, 55, 105, 116, 159–69, 268, 287
hallucinations and, 199
mental health problems and, 185
stress and, 177, 180
tolerance to, 167
withdrawal from, 168
see also addiction
dry eyes, 217
Dunham, Lena, 282
dwarf monkeys, 28
Eaccarino, Ian, 165
early sleep chronotypes, 87
Eastman, P. D., 71
eating disorders, 189–90
eating habits, 184, 185, 217
Eccles, John, 75–76
Ecstasy, 159–62, 168
Edina, Minn., 94, 95
education, 233–37, 286
Edward VI, King, 259
EEGs, 241
Einstein, Albert, 29
Electric Zoo, 161
elephants, 28
emancipation, 19
emerging adulthood, 282
Emerging Adulthood: The Winding Road from the Late Teens Through the Twenties (Arnett), 282
emotional outbursts, 81–82
emotions, 81, 101, 171
endocannabinoids and, 147–48
risk and, 111, 113–14
endocannabinoids, 146, 147, 148
endorphins, 146
energy drinks, 99–100
entitlement, 284
epilepsy, epileptic seizures, 32, 57–58, 240–41
epinephrine (adrenaline), 46, 54, 172
Erikson, Erik, 280
estrangement, 281
estrogen, 20, 21
EtOH, 130, 131, 132, 133
Everett, Cathleen, 112
excitation, 57, 73–74
excitatory synapses, 51, 52, 53, 57–58, 58
inhibitory synapses vs., 73
executive function, 36–37, 40, 130
eye movements, 106
Facebook, 181, 210–11, 219–20, 222
false confessions, 271
Fayette County, Ky., 94
fear, 21, 171, 172
Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 144
fiber tracks, 55
field hockey, 247
fight-or-flight response, 21, 172
fights, 97
Fintzi, Calin, 168
focusing, 41
Food and Drug Administration, US, 99, 192
football, 244
Forbes, 216
forgetfulness, 98
Fortas, Abe, 264–65, 266
420 Times, 149–50
France, 127–28
fried foods, 96
frontal cortex, 104
marijuana and, 156
risk-taking and, 107
sense of judgment of, 60
tobacco and, 119–20
frontal lobes, 13, 34, 36, 37–38, 38, 40–41, 46, 83, 106, 109, 119, 232–33, 279, 286
anxiety and, 203
development of, 57, 59, 268
mental illness and, 185
stress and, 175
functional MRI, 37, 38, 41, 107, 176, 177, 179, 212, 229, 276
video games and, 213
gambling, 215–16
gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), 52, 54, 129
gap year, 279–80
Gault, Gerald, 265–66
Geisel School of Medicine, 127
gender, 226–37
anxiety disorder and, 189, 203
brain connections and, 229–31, 230
brain size and, 228–29, 237
concussions and, 242–43
cortisol and, 173
depression and, 193
drinking and, 134–35
gray matter and, 59
language processing and, 226–28
stereotyping and, 235–36
suicide and, 193
texting and, 97
General Electric, 236
Germany, 190
Giedd, Jay, 58, 60, 276–77, 288
Girls, 282–83
Girls Who Code, 236
Gladwell, Malcolm, 213
glia, 50
glucose distribution, 246
glutamate, 52, 54, 75, 246
in adults, 84
Ecstasy and, 162
effect of alcohol on receptors for, 130, 131
goal-directed behavior, alcohol and, 130
“God, Admonishing His People of Their Duty as Parents and Masters,” 261–62
Go/No-Go task, 55
Good Morning America, 41
Google, 236
Gordon, Dan, 60–61
governors, 19
grades, 186, 290–91
Internet use and, 207
Graham, Terrance Jamar, 254–56, 257, 258, 269, 271–73
Graham v. Florida, 271–73, 274
Granger, Thomas, 259–60
gratification, 107–8
gray matter, 26, 27–28, 51, 58
abuse and, 179
alcohol and, 136
gender differences in, 58, 59
learning and, 77–80, 78
marijuana and, 153
plasticity of volume of, 69, 80, 231
speech and, 80
stress and, 176
white matter increase and, 77, 78
Great Depression, 16
Greenwich, Conn., 25
grief, 171, 181
Guardian, 60–61
Gur, Raquel, 229–30
gyri, 31
Haifa, University of, 231–32
Hall, Granville Stanley, 6, 17–18, 19
hallucinations, 199
Harvard Medical School, 92–93
Harvard University, 228
Hassler, Christine, 284–85
hate, 171
headaches, 217
health problems, 98
hearing, 137
heart rate, 44, 172
Hebb, Donald, 69
heroin, 165, 166–67
Internet addiction and, 215
high blood pressure, 96
high-risk behavior, 186
high school, 16–17
Higinbotham, William, 212
hippocampal area CA1, 135–36
hippocampal neurogenesis, 132
hippocampus, 79
alcohol and, 130, 132
endocannabinoids and, 148
gender differences in, 232
marijuana and, 147, 148, 155
memory and, 45
neurons packed in, 229
pain suppression by, 147, 148
stress and, 174, 175, 176
structure of, 44
as “supercharged” in teen brains, 45
H.M., 45
Holly (teenager), 238–41, 251
homework, 8–10
homunculus, 31–32, 32, 35
hormones, 4, 19–22, 87, 232
hippocampus and, 46
regulation of, 229
see also sex hormones; specific hormones
House of Refuge, 262–63
House of Representatives, US, 19
Howlett, Allyn, 146
Hubel, David H., 33
human papillomavirus (HPV), 113
Humphrey, Laura, 285
Hyde, Janet, 236
hypersexuality, 177
hypopituitarism, 252
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), 172, 200
hypothalamus, 21, 27, 252
hormones regulated by, 229
marijuana and, 145
identity, 281
illness, 98
impatience, 98
imprinting, 24–26, 32–34, 71–72
impulse control disorders, 251
impulsivity, 6, 98, 180, 218
inappropriateness, 98
independence, 291
Industrial Revolution, 16
Ingles, Sarah, 247, 253
inhibitory cells, 52
inhibitory synapses, 73
injuries, 98
In re Gault, 265
insight, 279
lack of, 6
insomnia, 90, 96–97, 99, 217
instructions, 81
International Center for Media and the Public Agenda (ICMPA), 208
International Centre for Youth Gambling Problems, 215–16
Internet, 6, 81, 181
risk-taking activity and, 104
see also computer addiction
Internet Gaming Disorder, 206–7
Iowa, 275
IQ, 4, 29, 79–80
marijuana and, 152, 153
tobacco and, 115, 118–19
Iraq War, 178
irritability, 167, 168
isolation, 184, 204
computer addiction and, 206
Israel, 280
Jackson, Kuntrell, 273, 274
Jackson v. Hobbs, 273
Jensen, Andrew, 3, 5–6, 13, 15, 33–34, 279, 292
in drinking emergency, 61–62
dyed hair of, 1–2
school exams of, 8–9
Jensen, Will, 3, 13, 33–34, 93
car accident of, 4–5
gap year of, 280
Jessamine County, Ky., 94
Jill (cat), 33–34
job loss, 179
Jones, Abigail, 112, 113
Journal of Substance Abuse, 127
Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 97
judgment, 6, 279
Juvenile Court Act, 265
juvenile offenders, 258–77
Kagan, Elena, 274–75
Karolinska Institutet, 41
Katz, Ginger, 165
Keniston, Kenneth, 280–82
Kennedy, Anthony, 271–72
Kent, Morris, 264–65
Kent v. United States, 264–65
Kerley, David, 41
Kerley, Devan, 41
kisspeptin, 21
kittens, 70
Klonopin, 166
language processing, 226–28
larks, 87
late sleep chronotypes, 87
lawsuits, 19
learning, 47, 57, 65–85, 279
addiction vs., 117, 117
alcohol and, 130
consolidated in sleep, 89, 90–96, 98, 100, 114
Ecstasy and, 162
frequency in, 73
gray matter and, 77–80, 78
LTP and, 74, 75–79, 76, 174
marijuana and, 148
plasticity and, 71
recency in, 73
stress and, 100, 174
LED light, 100–101
Levitin, Daniel, 49
Lexapro, 192
light, sensitivity to, 246
Lighting Research Center, 100
limbic system, 21, 44–46, 232
limits, 81
London, cab drivers on, 70–71
loneliness, 173, 177
long-term potentiation (LTP), 73, 91, 117, 246
addiction as, 108–9
alcohol and, 130, 131, 132, 133
learning and, 74, 75–79, 76, 174
marijuana and, 150, 151
stress and, 174
LSD, 199
Lyman School for Boys, 263
Lyon, France, 128
McGill University, 69, 71
Mack, Julian, 263–64
McKinley, Patricia, 71
McLean Hospital, 163, 175
Malabey, Angelique, 168
marijuana, 65–66, 98, 103, 141–58, 199, 254, 268
addiction to, 144, 150, 155, 165
changes over time in, 146, 156–57, 158
as gateway drug, 142, 155
increase in teen use of, 142, 143, 144–56
Internet addiction and, 215
IQ affected by, 152, 153
laws on, 141, 144
LTP affected by, 150, 151
medicinal uses of, 141
memory affected by, 150, 152
mental effects of, 145–46, 152, 153, 154–55
saturation of, 149
as socially acceptable, 141
Marijuana Tax Act, 144
Massachusetts, University of, 120
Maureen (Holly’s mother), 238–40, 251
Max Planck Institute, 214
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), 159–62, 168
meetings, 11–12
melatonin, 89–90
memories, autobiographical, 136
memorizing, 42
memory, memory loss, 44–45, 115, 117, 246
alcohol and, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–36
consolidated in sleep, 89, 90–96, 98, 100, 114
Ecstasy and, 161–62
endocannabinoids and, 147–48
hippocampus and, 45
long-term, 73
LTP in, 74, 78–79, 108
marijuana and, 150, 152
prioritized in sleep, 93
short-term, 72
working, 41
menstrual cycle, 30
mental illness and cognitive disabilities, 66–68, 183–204, 187
stress and, 200, 202
metabolism, 21
methamphetamines, 162, 164, 212
MetLife Foundation, 160
Mexico, 209, 210
Meyer, Taylor, 126–27, 139–40
Michigan, 275
Michigan, University of, 91–92
microglia, 50
microscopes, 47–48
Middle Ages, 259
middle ear disease, 118
Miley, Marissa, 112, 113
Milford Daily News, 126
military, 19
millennial generation, 284–85
Miller, Evan, 274
Miller v. Alabama, 273
Milton Academy, 111–12, 113
Minneapolis, Minn., 94, 95
Minnesota, University of, 95, 218
Mississippi, 275
Missouri, University of, 42–43
Moeller, Susan, 207–8, 210
molly (Ecstasy), 159–62, 168
monkeys, 36
moodiness, 183
mood swings, mood disorders, 6, 98, 171, 184, 192, 196, 199, 232–33
concussions and, 246, 250
Morgan Stanley, 216
morphine, 146
motivation, endocannabinoids and, 147–48
motor control, 137
motor coordination, endocannabinoids and, 147–48
motor cortex, 35, 36
plasticity of, 70–71
motor learning, 91
motor vehicle accidents, 185
movement, 71, 281
MRI, 28, 29, 37, 176
multiple sclerosis (MS), 56
multitasking, 41–43, 43, 80–81, 217–19, 279
myelin, myelination, 38, 50–51, 55–56, 60, 83, 108, 109
anatomy of, 49
gender differences and, 233
marijuana and, 153
stress and, 175
narcissism, 284
NASA, 101
National Center for Veterans’ Studies, 178
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), 96, 146, 188, 201, 203, 288
Child Psychiatry Branch of, 277
National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 127
National Institute on Drug Abuse, 169
National Institutes of Health, 37, 116, 127, 284
National Opinion Research Center, 17
National Public Radio, 103, 120
National University of Ireland, Galway, 147
Nationwide Children’s Hospital, 251
Nauman, Eric, 244–45
nausea, 185
NCAA, 250–51
neck pain, 217
Netherlands Institute of Mental Health and Addiction, 154–55, 199
Network on Transitions to Adulthood, 287
neural Darwinism, 77–78, 83, 89, 95–96
neural pathways, 51
THC’s interruption of, 146
neurons, 26, 27, 28, 47
action potential of, 49
adolescent firing rate of, 108
excitation and, 57
in learning, 72
overflow of, in babies, 48–49
plasticity of, 60, 70
pruning and, 77–78, 83, 89, 95–96
pyramidal, 135–36
in sleep, 95
speed of, 53
structure of, 49
studying changes in, 47–48
neurotransmitters, 50
anatomy of, 49
excitatory, 52, 54
fitted to receptors, 53
inhibitory, 54
speed of, 55–56
types of, 52, 53
New Lifestyles, 287
New London, Conn., 261–62
New York, N.Y., 262–63
New York Academy of Science, 144
New York Times, 224–25, 247
New York University, 250
nicotine, 119, 120–22, 121
NMDA receptor, 134, 246
No Child Left Behind, 236
norepinephrine, 54
North Carolina, 175
Northwestern University, 231–32
Notre Dame, University of, 93
nucleus accumbens, 107, 109, 110, 111, 167
cocaine and, 163, 164
endocannabinoids and, 148
marijuana and, 155
obesity, 96
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 189, 250
occipital lobes, 35
Ocuish, Hannah, 261–62
Ohio Wesleyan University, 247
Oklahoma, 19
oligodendrocytes, 50
omnipotentiality, 281
opiates, 146
opium, 146
oppositional behavior, 183
oppositional defiant disorder, 186
Oregon State University, 223
organizational skills, 279
Orthodox Jews, 280
Outliers (Gladwell), 213
owls, 87
OxyContin, 166
pain, 179, 185
painkillers, 166–67
pain suppression, 147
panic, 60–62, 171, 181
panic disorder, 189
paranoia, 142, 145, 193
parental separation, 176
parents, parenting, 65–66, 138–39
parietal lobes, 34, 35, 40–41, 137
development of, 59
language processing and, 227
Parkinson’s disease, 44
Partnership at Drugfree.org, 160
PCP, 199
peer pressure, 119, 123, 128, 130, 291
Penfield, Wilder, 31–32
Penn State, 138
Percocet, 166
Perez, Irma, 159–60, 167–68
perspective, 279
Pew Internet, 113
Pew Research Center, 211
phantom-vibration syndrome, 211
Pittsburgh, University of, 106
pituitary gland, 21, 172
concussions and, 252
planking, 6
plasticity, see brain plasticity
poker, 215
poppy, 146
postconcussive syndrome, 246–51
post-traumatic epilepsy, 251
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 173, 176–79
potassium, 246
practice effect, 90–91
prefrontal cortex, 84, 130, 137, 167, 269
abuse and, 179
Ecstasy and, 162
marijuana and, 156
stress and, 176
pregnancy, 179
prescription drug abuse, 164–66
president, minimum age for, 19
problem-solving skills, 98
progesterone, 20, 21
prospective memory, 40
Prozac, 191, 192
pruning, 77–78, 83, 89, 95–96
psoriasis, 98
psychosis, 154, 198, 199
PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder), 173, 176–79
puberty, 19–21, 106
pupils, dilation of, 172
Purdue University, 244
Pure Food and Drug Act, 144
pyramidal neurons, 135–36
rage, 183
rapid eye movement (REM), 92–93
raves, 161
Ravi, Dharun, 221–24
reasoning, 105
rebelliousness, 1–2, 4, 135, 178
Rebel Without a Cause (Dean), 18
recalling, 42
receptors:
in adults, 84
alcohol and, 130
glutamate as catalyst for, 75, 130
neurotransmitters fitted to, 53
Red Cross, 60
repeated stimulus, 76–77
repetition, 158
resilience, 181
response inhibition, 106
responsibility, 82–83
reSTART, 207
Restless Virgins: Love, Sex, and Survival at a New England Prep School (Jones and Miley), 112, 113
Reyna, Valerie, 271
Ridley, Bishop, 259
right parahippocampal gyrus, 215
risk-taking, 6, 103–14, 269
emotions and, 111
evolutionary reason for, 103–4
increased access to, 104
reward and, 107–11, 109, 167
of sexual activities, 111–13
video games and, 213
Ritalin, 99, 165
Rivera, Anthony, 168
Roberts, John, 272
Rockefeller University, 165
rolling, 161
Rome, 259
Roosevelt, Franklin, 144
Roper, 274
Rosemary Hall, 196
Rotondo, Olivia, 161
runner’s high, 147
Ryan (teenager), 234
sadness, 177
Saint Elizabeth’s, 265
Salzburg Academy on Media and Global Change, 208
San Mateo Daily Journal, 160
Sasaki, Yuka, 91
SATs, 235, 241, 242
schizophrenia, 152, 154, 155, 184, 197–99
onset of, 185, 186
school, 186
start time of, 94–95
Science, 70
science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), 236–37
Scoville, William Beecher, 45
secondhand smoke, 119
second-impact syndrome, 248–49
seizures, 238–40
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 191, 192
self-absorption, 283
self-centeredness, 284
self-discipline, 80
self-esteem, 98, 177, 291
self-harm, 177, 186
selfies, 284
senior citizens, 71
sensitivity, 185
sensory cortex, 35, 36
sensory information, 72
sensory processes, 27
serotonin, 54, 191
Ecstasy and, 161, 162
sex, risks of, 111–13
sex hormones, 20–21, 22, 46
sexual dimorphism, 228–29
sexually transmitted diseases, 112–13, 287
Shakespeare, William, vii
sharks, 36
Sherrington, Charles, 69
Shin, Elizabeth, 194–95
shoplifting, 97
Simmons, Christopher, 268
skull size, 29–30
sleep, in teen years, 86–102, 168
memory and learning consolidated in, 89, 90–96, 98, 100, 114
mental illness and, 184
patterns of, 87–89, 88
physiological problems and, 86–87
sleep deprivation, 91, 96–102
artificial stimulants and, 98–99
cigarette use and, 115
crime linked to, 97
unhealthy habits linked to, 97–98
sleep disorders, 250
sleep-wake cycle, 137
smartphones, 211
Smith College, 32–33, 67, 68, 70
socialization, 281
social media, 6
social networking, 290
social phobia, 189
Society for the study of Emerging Adulthood, 287
Socrates, 69
soft drinks, 96, 99
Somalia, 258
sound, sensitivity to, 246
South Korea, 213
speech, 80
speed, 164
spinal cord, 27, 28, 35, 44
Spinelli, Nico, 70
sports, 238–53
Stamoulis, Kathryn, 113
Stanford University, 110
stasis, 281
stem cells, 134
stereotyping, 235–36
Stiles, Nathan, 248–49
stimulants, 165
stimulation, 220–21
stress, 22, 119, 170–82, 183
addiction and, 173
Ecstasy and, 162
inducing of, 171–72
learning impaired by, 100, 174
marijuana and, 147
mental illnesses caused by, 200, 202
pain suppression in, 147
in pregnancy, 179
at school, 175
sleep and, 97
teen brains and, 171–72
stress hormones, 22, 171–73
stress-induced illnesses, 22
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 99–100
suicide, 104, 178, 185, 190, 191, 192, 193–95
gender and, 193
sulci, 31
Supreme Court, US, 256, 257–58, 264–66, 268, 271–75
Sweden, 155
sweets, 96
synapses, 48, 50, 53
addiction and, 108–9
anatomy of, 49
drugs and, 162
excitatory, see excitatory synapses
inhibition of, 54–55
inhibitory, 73
in learning, 69, 72, 73–74, 174
marijuana and, 150
plasticity of, 69, 78–79, 79, 84, 108, 114, 117, 117, 120
pressure needed for, 76–77
in sleep, 95
stress and, 174, 175
types of, 51, 52, 53
synaptic learning, development of, 270
synaptogenesis, 57
Taffe, Michael, 132, 134
Tapert, Susan, 136
tar, 156
tasks:
completion of, 81
switching between, 40
teenagers:
as cultural phenomenon, 18
elected mayor, 7
Hall’s theory of, 6, 17–18, 19
hormones of, 4, 19–22
increased marijuana use of, 142, 143, 144–56
under law, 7
myths about, 11
origin of term, 16
as recent “discovery,” 16
teen brain:
advantages of, 8
alcohol and, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134–37
cocaine and, 163–64, 163
Ecstasy and, 162
gray vs. white matter in, 77–78, 78
hazards and vulnerabilities of, 7, 8
as impressionable, 24–25
LTP in, 78–79
myelin in, 58, 60
myths of, 4
neglect of study of, 3–4
new connections and wiring in, 22–23, 26, 37–38, 46
nicotine and, 120–21, 121
risk-seeking and, 38–40
and sedative aspects of drinking, 129
sleep schedule and, 89–90
stress and, 171–72
supercharged hippocampus in, 44–45
synaptic plasticity in, 78–79, 79, 84, 108, 114, 117, 117, 120
temporal lobes, 34–35, 36, 46
temptation, 106
Tennis for Two, 212
tension between self and society, 281
testosterone, 20–21
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 145–47, 148
tetrahydropregnanolone (THP), 22, 171–72
Texas, University of, 266–67
texting, 81, 90, 97, 181
thalamus, 27, 44
time management, 81
tobacco, 115–24
alcohol and, 122
depression and, 121–22
IQs and, 115, 118–19
and prevention of smoking, 122–24
and teen brain, 120–21, 121
see also cigarettes; nicotine
tolerance, 167, 289
Toronton Star, 152, 154
trauma, 179–81
see also PTSD
traumatic brain injury (TBI) models, 246
Treasury Department, U.S., 144
Trent University, 92–93
trichomoniasis, 113
Twain, Mark, vii
20 Something Manifesto (Hassler), 284–85
Twitter, 210, 236
2–AG, 150, 151
Uganda, 209
United Kingdom, 17, 209, 210, 235
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 258
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 142
United States, 17, 18–19, 209–20
juvenile sentencing in, 258–59
University College London, 84, 179
Urion, David, 226
Utah, University of, 178
Valium, 166, 267
vandalism, 97
van der Vorst, Haske, 138
ventral tegmental area (VTA), 108–9, 109, 117
video games, 97, 212–14, 216
Vigil for Lost Promise: Remembering Those Who Have Died from Drugs, 160
violence, 97, 178
virtual socializing, 81
vision, 137, 217
visual cortex, 35, 36
plasticity of, 70
visual spatial functioning, 136
vodka eyeballing, 6
voting, 18
Warrior, Padmasree, 225
wary probe, 281
Washington State, 141
Washington University, 95
Wei, Molly, 221–23
weight change, 185
Wellbutrin, 191
whales, 28
White, Aaron, 127
White, Nancy J., 152, 154
white matter, 26, 27–28, 50–51, 55
alcohol and, 136–37
in concussions, 246
Ecstasy and, 161
gray matter decrease and, 77, 78
increase in, 77–78, 186
inflammation of, 56
marijuana and, 153
stress and, 176
video games and, 215
Whitman, Charles, 266–67
Wiesel, Torsten, 33
Winter’s Tale, The (Shakespeare), vii
Witelson, Sandra, 229
withdrawal, 168, 178
Wolf, Maryanne, 226–27
Woodward, William, 144
working memory, 41
concussions and, 249–50
World Health Organization, 154–55, 286
worry, 173, 201–2
Xanax, 166
Yale University, 179
year of service, 280
“Youth: A ‘New’ Stage of Life” (Keniston), 280–82
Zheng Wang, 218
Zoloft, 191, 192